Kumite can mean "Sparring." In Kumite two practitioners face off demonstrating defensive and offensive techniques learnt from Katas and Kihons. Kata and Kumite are complementary training methods. In Kata, one learns basic techniques and in Kumite one applies them with a sparring partner. The principles of Kihon still apply to Kumite where the Karateka must apply proper Karate techniques, demonstrate correct power and speed, and, above all, exercise good control. Full contact is prohibited. Utilising the Shu Ha Ri method as a training tool can be beneficial long term.
There are a few types of Kumite depending on style, in JKA Shōtōkan the most common types are listed below:
| Kumite | Description |
|---|---|
| Kihon Ippon Kumite | 1 attack, 1 time defence with counterattack |
| Kihon Gohon Kumite | 5 times attack, 5 times defence with 1 time counterattack |
| Kihon Jiyu Ippon Kumite | 1 attack, 1 time defence with counterattack (both partners are on the move) |
| Jiyu Kumite | freestyle sparring |
Some dojos do not limit Jiyu Kumite to Karate techniques but allow other styles of fighting outside the Karate curriculum. More experienced Black Belt students are allowed to participate at this level of sparring, and proper protective gear may be required.
What is our goal in Kumite training?
What is our goal in Kumite training?
Feeling for distance
- how far can I go forward or back
- how far does my technique go, or that of the partner
- from where do I have to start
- at what distance does the technique have an effect
Feeling for targets
- what is the destination and why
- where do I meet the partner exactly
- which body parts do I use
Control of the impact
- how does it feel to meet, or get hit
- how can I reduce / increase my effectiveness
Coordination of the movement
- how do I use my legs, hips, torso and shoulders
- what is the right timing for the movement
Focus on "opponent" / partner and his technique
- concentration on the "goal"
- what is the right timing for the defence
- practical technology implementation
- movement in space
Discipline
- to deal with the fear of being hit or being hit
- hardening physically and psychologically
- development of assertiveness
Self-control
- avoid escape reflexes
- prevent rage and aggression
Inner peace
- achieve serenity in stressful situations
